История фитнес-культуры

Сейчас увидеть людей, которые занимаются бегом, ездят на велосипеде или ходят в тренажерный зал уже не является чем-то необычным, хотя еще каких-то 20 лет назад этот вопрос был далеко не на первом плане. Что же произошло такого, что заставило людей задуматься о своем здоровье и начать активнее заниматься спортом? Мы попробуем проследить историю этого феномена в мире и расскажем вам, как зародилась культура фитнес-залов.

Если вам кажется, что мода на здоровый образ жизни появилась только в течение последнего столетия, то это совсем не так. Стремление к физическому, а не только духовному совершенству было одним из фундаментов античной греческой культуры. Мало кто знает, но выдающиеся античные философы — Платон, Сократ, Пифагор и другие — прославились не только за свои труды, но и за достижения в спорте. Бег, прыжки, метание копий и диска — это только несколько самых популярных занятий, которые были распространены в древнегреческом спорте. И наибольший вклад в это движение внесли, конечно, Олимпийские игры, которые популяризировали хорошую физическую форму, и сделали это, так сказать, трендом.

Бытует мнение, что именно римские термы стали прообразом современных фитнес-клубов: люди собирались там не только для санитарно-гигиенических процедур, но и для того, чтобы заняться физическими упражнениями и пообщаться. На юге полуострова Пеллопонес была найдена так называемая пещера Геракла с каменными орудиями для спорта возрастом три тысячи лет — именно ее считают одним из первых «тренажерных залов» в истории.

Вместе с упадком греческой культуры и мода на массовые занятия спортом отошла на второй план, ведь в Средние века гораздо актуальнее были вопросы, как выжить в войне и прокормить семью. Вопросы физической выносливости были актуальными только для тонкой прослойки населения — военных и рыцарей. Именно от их физической формы зависело, переживут они ближайший бой и победят ли врага. Мальчиков из высших кругов общества с самого детства готовили к военной карьере: бег, фехтование и конная езда стали основами военно-спортивной культуры тех времен.

Возрождение моды на здоровый образ жизни началось на рубеже XIX и XX веков, и важным фактором в этом стали бодибилдинг, культуризм и кулачные бои. В Европе, например, этот образ распространялся в первую очередь через цирковое искусство, в котором принимали участие лучшие силачи континента, и поражали всех своими способностями. Переезжая из города в город, они показывали, на что способен человеческий организм. В 1896 году состоялись первые Олимпийские игры современности, и мода на спорт раскручивалась с новой силой.

Родиной фитнеса и спортзалов в классическом формате стала, конечно, Америка. Странно звучит, но благодаря потребительскому буму и росту финансовой обеспеченности людей после войны, врачи начали бить тревогу: более половины детей в 50-х годах имели неудовлетворительную физическую подготовку и не справлялись с нормативами, а до 70-х годов население США начало массово страдать ожирением и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями. После того, как власти взялись за популяризацию спорта и фитнеса, количество людей, которые начали ходить в залы, выросло в 4 раза.

От мини-залов в небольших городах до крупных сетевых фитнес-центров в мегаполисах, мода на здоровый образ жизни стала расти из года в год. Именно в 80-х сформировался типичный образ успешного и здорового человека: подтянутого, улыбающегося и счастливого — да, именно они заполонили сейчас все фотобанки 🙂 Типичный фитнес-зал сейчас состоит из раздевалки, где можно оставить свои вещи, кардиоцентра, профессиональных спортивных тренажеров для разных групп мышц, наборов со свободным весом, а также душевой и зала групповых занятий — по йоге, пилатесу или шейпинга. Стоимость абонемента в типичный фитнес-зал в США колеблется от $ 30 до $ 150 и даже больше.

Хотя спорт в Советском Союзе всегда пользовался спросом и содействием со стороны власти, на рубеже 80-х и 90-х людям было было не до занятий фитнесом. Только с 2000-х этот тренд выходит в массовое сознание. И это неудивительно: вместе с улучшением благосостояния людей, проникновением западной культуры в нашу жизнь, нам также становится важным, как мы себя чувствуем. Рынок фитнес-инудстрии в мире сейчас составляет $ 27 млрд, и, похоже, это еще не предел.

Все больше людей пересаживаются на велосипед (какими бы ни приспособленными для этого не были наши города), все больше людей надевает наушники и бегает на стадионе или в парке у дома, и все чаще мы видим в своих городах соревнования по street workout. Все больше людей покупают абонементы в спорт.залы или обустраивают мини спорт.залы у себя дома, покупая необходимые тренажеры здесь. Если еще 20 лет назад «таскать железо» было не совсем интересно и даже полукриминально, то сейчас здоровый образ жизни — это не просто физические упражнения.

Дмитрий, www.vitamarg.com

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  3. Dr. Malik is an MD and fitness skilled who has
    revealed on reputable web sites. He combines medical knowledge with
    a ardour for fitness to offer readers with accurate and scientifically-backed recommendation on train, muscle building,
    and general wellness. You must carry out this exercise with a picture-perfect type to get the
    best bang in your buck and reduce your risk of damage.

    When performing again workouts, keep in mind never to strain the decrease again. Exercises like seated rows and
    variations work the higher and middle back, so examine your
    kind should you feel strain in your lower again. To do that model, you’ll want a seated cable machine with a straight-bar attachment.
    Hold the bar together with your arms barely wider than shoulder-width apart.
    The cable row is an efficient exercise for building your back muscles and rising total
    upper-body power. The teres minor, teres major, and lats all contribute to overhead upper-body motions, such as throwing and pulling.

    Straight arm pulldowns are a fantastic exercise for targeting the again muscles,
    particularly the lats. So with these advantages in thoughts, let’s have a
    look at some exercise variations for straight arm
    pulldown that may assist you to achieve your health
    targets. By performing this exercise regularly, you’ll find a
    way to enhance your overall posture and build a
    robust core basis that may assist shield against injuries in different areas of
    the physique. This exercise works the muscle tissue of the again, shoulders,
    arms, chest, and stomach, which all assist assist good posture.
    It’s a nice way to work out these lats, triceps, shoulders, chest, and core muscle tissue.
    The exercise is a great addition to any energy training routine for those seeking
    to develop their higher physique musculature.
    Whereas it’s a relatively simple motion, having
    excellent type will turbocharge your features and
    assist you to keep away from accidents as well—which is why we’ve put together an entire cable row guide.
    The neutral-grip cable row is just like the wide-grip cable
    row, however as an alternative of using a straight bar, you
    employ a bar that permits you to take a neutral (palms
    dealing with each other) grip. You should have a straight again and proud chest to perform this train properly.

    Situated between the shoulder blades, the rhomboids are smaller
    muscular tissues that consist of the rhomboid main and minor.
    The exercise is an effective approach to work many muscular tissues within the upper physique.
    Focusing in your posture will let you get the most out
    of this train. Participating your abs and using your legs while preserving your again straight can help forestall
    strain and damage.
    If you wish to get some bonus load to your lower back the barbell
    row is a good selection. The cable close grip seated row is a traditional row train, and is the second
    most used row train in our exercise log app StrengthLog.
    By changing the handle and using totally different grips, you can shift focus between the worked
    muscle teams. Take a firm grip on the deal with and bend your wrists again slightly to reduce the
    contribution of your biceps and forearms. This prevents your forearms and wrist flexors from initiating the pull,
    keeping the load on your back muscle tissue. Maintain your wrists in this bent-back position throughout the
    movement.
    You carry out this with a staggered stance, allowing
    you to make use of somewhat momentum to get in some fuller reps.
    Resistance Band Flys are a wonderful complement
    to the Seated Underhand Cable Row train. Resistance Band Flys goal
    the opposing muscle group of the Seated Underhand Cable Row, which is the chest.
    This exercise helps to create steadiness between the back
    and chest muscular tissues.
    By including a vertical pulling movement (like the pull-up or 
    lat pulldowns) and an exercise for the again extensors, (like the deadlift 
    or a back extension), you may have an entire back workout.

    Using a wider grip and adjusting your form slightly emphasizes
    barely completely different muscles than the standard seated cable row.
    Specifically, the wide-grip seated cable row trains your higher again and rear delts greater than your lats.

    For a seated row, this would rely upon the machine weight or the resistance band
    weight. This problem options testing how a lot weight you’ll find a way
    to row and launch safely. Before making an attempt this problem,
    it’s important to warm up first to get your muscle tissue
    ready and use a spotter if you are testing heavier weights.
    The proper type for the seated row includes maintaining
    your core engaged from the moment you get into place.
    Supporting your core primes you for keeping your arms and back muscular tissues totally engaged without injury.
    A seated row is mostly carried out on a specific seated row machine or with a resistance band.

    Gripping and holding your barbell will problem
    and develop your grip energy, constructing larger, more powerful forearms in the
    process. Depending in your grip strength, you might
    profit from using wrist straps for this train. In this
    article reveal why and the way to carry out reverse grip rows and the variations and alternatives you
    can do as a substitute. One great benefit is that you are
    ready to use multiple handles with the kneeling high cable row.
    Straight bars, ropes, single handles, and varied grips
    are just a number of the ways you’ll be able to add variety to his movement.

    It’s an actual power builder that we think might even be a
    better all-around variation. The trapezius muscle or «traps» consists
    of higher, center, and lower traps. Their primary function through the machine high
    pull is to retract the scapula and preserve scapula positioning.
    As you pull the weight towards you, the drive will want to pull your
    shoulders forward. You don’t want this, so it’s the job
    of the traps to stop this from occurring.
    Many sports activities require throwing, so it’s beneficial
    to strengthen and guarantee all three of these muscles are sturdy and
    steady. The exercise can also improve form by educating how to maintain your
    shoulder blades down and back whereas performing a row. With that stated, cable rows can be utilized by anybody no matter what expertise level
    you’re at. The cable row can help improve posture by
    strengthening your upper and middle traps, especially since shoulder blades are
    stored down and again all through the motion. The exercise
    could make a huge difference over time and improved posture may also scale back your risk of shoulder injuries.
    Your elbows should be behind your midline at the static contraction point at the top.

    Begin seated in entrance of a cable machine with knees slightly bent in order that they don’t lock out throughout movement (this will assist shield in opposition to injury).
    Lat pulldowns are a great different to rowing exercises for working the
    identical muscles. This exercise targets the latissimus dorsi, or lats, as properly
    as the biceps and rear deltoids. To perform this exercise correctly, sit on a bench along with your ft flat on the ground
    and hold onto a bar hooked up to a cable machine above you.

    And speaking of chasing numbers, there are a quantity of other common mistakes to keep away from when trying to carry out
    the seated cable row appropriately. Squeeze your shoulder
    blades together and have interaction your lats as you attain the
    highest of the motion, touching the bar to your abdomen. Your back
    should be straight all through and your torso shouldn’t be transferring back at all.

    If you do not have a seated row machine, you can do several other row exercises that may goal the
    same muscular tissues. You can use dumbbells, a barbell or kettlebells to perform bent-over rows.
    If you’ve entry to a pulley machine you can also do standing cable
    rows.
    Standing cable rows are a really effective exercise to strengthen your lats, deltoids, traps, rhomboids,
    core, and legs. The standing cable rear delt row with
    rope is a really effective and useful train for building muscle and power within the rear deltoids and center trap.
    That doesn’t mean the resistance band seated row is a waste of time.
    It’s nonetheless a good alternative to the seated cable row, especially if you’re coaching at residence with out dumbbells or a suspension coach.
    The secondary muscles used embrace the biceps, forearms, and rear deltoids.

    You also can strive the exercise without weights by performing inverted rows utilizing a fixed horizontal bar.
    Reverse Grip Bent Over Dumbbell Row is a superb
    complementary or different exercise to Seated Underhand Cable Row.
    This train is nice for targeting the back muscle tissue and can be utilized to increase power and muscle mass.
    It is performed by standing with toes hip-width aside, barely bending
    the knees and preserving the again straight.
    The dumbbells are then held with a reverse grip and
    pulled up in the course of the chest while squeezing the shoulder blades collectively.
    This train helps to construct strength and measurement in the lats, rhomboids, traps,
    and biceps, making it a super alternative for those looking to complement their Seated Underhand Cable Row exercise.

    What makes rows an even more «awesome-er» exercise is
    the vast range of selection that exists.
    Barbell row, bench row, dumbbell row, elevated row, cable row,
    single-arm cable row….actually dozens. In this text, we’re going to
    take a look at one back row version that the
    majority of people have probably accomplished, the machine excessive row, additionally known as
    the Hammer Strength Excessive Row. Meadows rows are
    an isolateral row performed using a landmine base and barbell.
    These are comparable in kind to dumbbell rows but permit you to raise extra weight via a larger vary
    of motion.
    The seated row is likely certainly one of the most effective workout routines for
    focusing on your again muscular tissues — including the trapezius, rhomboids, and latissimus dorsi.
    Because this train is a compound exercise, involving
    a couple of joint, it additionally activates several other muscle tissue as nicely, including the biceps, triceps, hamstrings,
    glutes and adductors. Whether Or Not you might be doing rear delt
    rows with dumbbells, barbells, or cables, all are very efficient for training your upper back and shoulder muscles.
    It particularly works your rear delts, that are small muscle tissue on the again of your
    shoulders.
    When you go wider together with your grip and use a lat bar, you will activate your upper back muscles much more than with a extra
    slim grip. So for me, I appreciated how the standing cable row felt waaay higher than its bent-over cousin. You’ll know if you strive an train if it simply doesn’t really feel
    proper in your back. For me, once I tried the standing
    cable row, it felt comfortable, solid, and protected.
    With this transfer, the chest pad stabilizes your ENTIRE body–so you possibly
    can focus simply in your back muscles.
    The resistance shouldn’t be too troublesome where you can not totally pull the burden to your chest or
    require coming forward to meet the handles. This, along with rounding the
    again, are the most typical type mistakes seen. Not
    solely do these mistakes cheat the motion, but they may also lead to joint pain and
    muscle damage. For cable row, different handle attachments can be found, and the grip you use can goal totally different muscles.
    You can attempt these alternatives if you’re on the lookout for an identical train to replace the cable row
    during your training sessions. As An Alternative, keep an upright posture and use your core muscular tissues through the train. Shield your lower
    back, get a simpler workout, and really feel unstoppable.

    Give them the eye they deserve by including dumbbell rear delt
    rows in your shoulder or again exercises. The straight arm pulldown is a great train for targeting the muscle tissue of the back, shoulders, and arms.
    If your goal is pure energy, nonetheless, it might align along with
    your goal to make use of a little bit of momentum within the barbell row.
    In real life (or competitions), we often use momentum to
    be more effective once we lift stuff. Due To This
    Fact, if you are training for sports or strongman competitions,
    some swinging in your barbell rows could be helpful. Just regulate your complete coaching volume in your decrease again, as heavier weights mean more stress.

    Some health professionals advocate leaning back ever so slightly
    by about 10 to 15 degrees while others insist that a completely upright position is finest.

    He also loves to help others to achieve their health targets and unfold the data the place wanted.
    Matthew’s other passions embody studying about mindfulness,
    strolling via nature, touring, and all the time working to enhance total.

    Cable are very efficient for growing the size and energy
    of varied back muscle tissue. Not solely do they aim the lats, but
    they also interact the rhomboids, decrease and
    middle traps, teres minor, and teres main. Preserving shoulder
    blades down and again all through the movement engages the lats.
    Keep Away From utilizing too much weight, which causes the shoulders to shrug and
    pull with the arms as an alternative of participating the again. Since
    the seated cable row includes motion at the shoulder joint,
    you will expertise deltoid engagement while performing this train. This train leads
    to posterior deltoid engagement throughout eccentrics and anterior
    deltoid stimulation on concentrics. Prolong your hips to return your
    torso to the upright position while pulling the bar to your stomach button by driving via your elbows.

    The rhomboids are another major muscle group that
    cable rows activate. The rhomboid major and minor are responsible for
    retracting, rotating, and elevating the shoulder blades. The rhomboids are positioned slightly below the center fibers of the traps.

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